Atmosphere regulating system



Oct. 20, 1931.

A. BALLARD ATMOSPHERE REGULATING SYSTEM Filed March 30, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Iaweezioaw 10 air when and as required.

Patented Oct. 20, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ARTHUR H. BALLARD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO ARTHUR H. BAL- LARD, INCORPORATED, F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSA- CHUSETTS ATMOSPHERE REGULATING SYSTEM Application filed march so, 1929. Serial m5. 351,232.

This invention relates to atmospheric regulation within therooms or compartments of by the temperature of such rooms or com.-

partments may be kept within a predetermined range under wide temperature variations in the. external air by the introduction of artificially heated or artificially chilled The invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will. be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings Fig. 1 illustrates the section or a portlon of a building equipped with an apparatus embodying one form of the invention; and

Fig. 2 shows in diagrammatic form the interrelated controlling devices for the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

0 Referring to the drawings, have there shown for illustrative purposes a portlon of the basement and upper floors of a dwelling equipped with an apparatus for temperature regulation pursuant to the principles hereinafter described, from which the application of the system to buildings varying in size and utilized for various purposes will be readily understood.

- Referring to Fig. 1, there is placed in the 5 basement 3, or other suitable location, a heat generating device, herein in the form of a steam boiler 5, provided with a combustion device adapted automatically to control the combustion and the generation of steam in response to temperature variations. Such combustion device may be operated with oil, coal, gas or other fuel, but herein is shown for illustrative purposes as comprising an oil or other liquid fuel burner 7 which may be of any usual type, the burner herein shown being of the eneral construction illustrated in patent to oodridge No. 1,631,859.

This burner comprises a small reservoir or tank 7 containing fuel delivery and atomizing devices driven by the electric motor 9 and operative, when actuated by the motor, to deliver a supply of liquid fuel through the nozzle 11 to the combustion chamber of the boiler, where it is caused to be initially ignited by suitable ignition devices and to burn therein, the combustion ceasing on the stoppage of said motor. The products of combustion pass from the boiler into the flue 13 and thence to the chimney 15. A

-The steam or other heating medium is herein utilized to heat the external air supplied from outside the building to the rooms thereof, and, for this purpose, the steam is conveyed from the boiler 5 through the steam supply pipe 17 to an indirect heater 19 and thence back to the boiler through the return pipe 21. 7

Any suitable form of indirect heater may be employed having a steam space or steam passage, separated from an air space or air passage by walls presenting a relatively large area of contactto the air, over which the air is caused .to circulate and provide an eflicient interchange of heat between the steam and the air. Such heater, for example, may

consist of steam coils within the path of the air or may be of the well-known thin-walled,

cellular or tubular type providing a steam may be provided any suitable air filter de- -supply and return pipes 33 and 35 respectively to an indirect air cooler 37. The lat-' ter is adapted by heat interchange to chill.

the external air supplied to the rooms of the building as may be required for suitable temperature regulation thereof. External air is supplied to the air space of the cooler 37 from the main air supply pipe 25 and is therein caused to circulate ove'r the-external walls of pipe coils or other conduits containing the refrigerant so that the temperature of the external air passing through the coil is lowered to a point dependentpn the tem-. perature maintained in the refrigerant pipes within the heater.

At the branch pipe 23 for the heater 19 there is provided avalve or damper 39 which is automatically controlled as hereinafter described and by which the entering external air may be diverted at will either to the heater 19' or the cooler 37.

The air passing through the heater 19 or the air passing through the cooler 37 enters a common delivery pipe 41 from which it is delivered to an air-distributing chamber 43, there being preferably provided at some point in the air conduit a pressure-creating device, such as a fan or blower 45, driven by the electric motor 47, and herein positioned in the air pipe or conduit connecting the common delivery pipe 41 to the distributing chamber 43. When the blower is operated, external air is forcibly drawn through the main supply pipe 25 and through the heater or cooler, according to the position of the damper 39, delivered to the drum 43 and discharged into the room or rooms of the building which are connected with the drum by means of air circulating pipes. Herein, by

. way of illustration, the air is delivered from the distributing chamber 43 by means of the pipe 48 to 'the room 49, through the air delivery opening 51 and through the same pipe to such other room or rooms as are connected to the pipe 48, and by the pipe 53 to the room 55 and to such other rooms as are connected thereto.

Referring to Fig. 2, I have there shown one arrangement of controlling devices by which the various elements comprising the described apparatus may be regulated to maintain the desired. range of temperature within the building.

Current for operating the burner, refrigcrating unit and blower is supplied through the switch 61 to the current mains 63 and 65, the burner motor 9 being connected to the main through a branch conductor 67 and to the main 65 through a branch conductor In the conductor 69 there is provided a circuit control device 71, responsive either directly or indirectly to the temperature meantained in the heating medium for the air heater 19, such that, when the temperature medium by acting'in response to the pressure of the steam, and in Fig. 1 I have shown the boiler 5 equipped with a well known form of pressurestat or' pressure responsive device I which may be made to actuate the circuit cont-rolling switch, opening the circuit when the pressure exceeds a certain amount and closing the same when the pressure falls below a certain amount. Such pressure responsive switches are well known in this class of devices and require no detailed descrip- 'tion.

Included in the branch circuit 69, there is also provided a thermostatically controlled switch 73 responsive to ,the temperature changes at the source of air supply for the system and herein positioned in a suitable protective casing or housing 75 (see Fig.1) located outside the walls 27 of the building so that it is exposed and responsive to the varying temperature of the external air. The external thermostat 73 is also provided with a circuit control device and is adapted to open or close the circuit 69, being arranged to open such circuit when the external temperature exceeds a predetermined point and to close the same when the external'temperature falls below a predetermined point.

Since the two switches 73 and 71 are in series, the burner is accordingly operative only when both switches are closed, and combustion is initiated only when the external air temperature falls below the assigned point, and then only if and when the temperature of the heating medium is below what is required to properly heat the external air passing through the air heater 19.

The motor for the refrigerating unit 31 is connected to the current main 63 through the branch conductor 77 and to the current main 65 through the branch conductor 79. In the branch conductor 79 there is provided a thermostatic circuit-controlling device 81 responthat, when the temperature of the refrigerant falls below a certain predetermined amount,

the circuit-controlling device 81 acts to openbuilding and exposed to and responsive to the temperature changes in the external air. The thermostat 83 is provided with a circuit controlling device which is adapted to close the circuit 79 when the temperature rises above a predetermined point, but to open the same when the temperature of the external air falls below a predetermined point. Accordingly, the refrigerating unit will be started into operation only when the external temperature rises above a predetermined point, and then only if and when the temperature of the cooling medium maintained in the refrigerating coils is above the point at which it should be maintained for the proper chilling of the air supplied through the air cooler 37.

The thermostats 73 and 83 may be located at any position where they will respond to the temperature of the air supply and, if external air supply is relied upon, may be located within the main air supply pipe 25 or at any other suitable position.

Located in the space of a room 49, which is I here. selected to regulate the temperature of the air supplied, there is provided a temperaa predetermined. point.

thermostat is connected to the main and the opposite side through the conductor 87 to one terminal of the blower motor 47, the opposite terminal thereof being connected to the .main 63 by the conductor 91.

Located also in the room 49 is a second circuit control device 93 also responsive to temperature changes within the room, and which herein may be termed the room heating thermo'stat. This device is adapted to close its circuit when the room temperature falls below a predetermined point and to open the circuit when the room temperature rises above The thermostatic circuit controlling devices 73, 83, 85 and 93 are Well known devices and require no further description.

One side of the thermostat 93 is connectedto the current main 65 and the. opposite side to a conductor 95 which passes to the winding .97 of a solenoid arranged to control the air diverting damper 39, the opposite terminal of the solenoid winding being connected through conductors 99 and 80 to one terminal of the'motor 47, the circuit continuing through the conductor 91 to the remaining current main 63.

a Any valve or damper arrangement may be employed which will subject the external air to the heating effect of the heater only when the room temperature drops below the range at which it is required to be maintained and will subject the external air to the chilling eifect of the cooler only when the room temperature rises above the range at which it is required to be maintained. Herein the damper is hinged at the junction of the branch pipe 23 and the main supply pipe 25 and is provided'with an arm 101 connected to the. solenoid-actuated rod 103. The damper is normally maintained by the action of the spring 105 in a position to close the branch pipe 23 and divert the external air from the heater through the cooler except when the solenoid winding is energized.

\Vhen the thermostat 93 acts to energize the solenoid winding 97, the latter lifts tliei-solenoid core and the rod 103 against the action of the spring 105 and moves the damper 39 through 90 degrees, swinging it down to a position where it opens the branch 23 and the heater-19 to the external air and shuts off the cooler 37 against further. entrance of the external air. As soon as the room heating theruiostat 93 acts to open the circuit to deenergize the solenoid winding, the spring 105 acts to reverse the position of the damper, to cut off air from the heater and to open the cooler to the admission of the air.

Accordingly, if the room temperature falls below the point to which the room heating thermostat is adjusted, the I damper 39 is thrown to divert the air through the heater, the blower motor is started into operation and the air which is drawn through the heater and heated thereby is forcibly discharged; into the various rooms of the building. If the external air enteringfrom the outside through the supply pipe 25 is below the temperature at which the external heating thermostat 73 is adjusted, the burner circuit will be closed at 73 and the thermostat 71 for the heater then becomes effective to maintain the required heating temperature for the steam or other heating medium in the heater 19. If the external air entering from the outside through-the supply pipe 25 is above the temperature to which the external cooling thermostat 83 is adjusted, the refrigerating circuit will be closed at 83 and the thermostat- '81 for the cooling unit then becomes eflective to maintain the required cooling tempei ature' for the refrigerant in the cooler 37.

The described system permits wide variation in the range within which regulation may take place, and the invention is not limited to any arbitrarily selected scale of temperature. A specific example, however, for mere illustrative purposes may serve to explain its function.

If it is desired, for example, to maintain a room temperature of from 7 O to 73 degrees Fahrenheit or thereabouts, the room heating thermostat 93 may be adjusted to close and maintain closed its circuit at approximately degrees, or any room temperature below 70 degrees, and to open its circuit at any room temperature above 70 degrees. Similarly, the

room cooling thermostat 85 maybe adjusted to close and maintain closed its circuit at approximately 73 degrees, or any temperature above 73 degrees, and to open and maintain openits circuit at any room temperature below 73 degrees.

Preferably the external heating thermostat 73 is adjusted to act at a temperature slightly above that for which the room-heating thermostat is set,-at 71 degrees, for example, in the case assumed,so that the heating medium will be conditioned for heating the external air. before it is likely to be required by the action of the room heating thermostat. Similarly, the external cooling thermostat may be adjusted to a temperature slightly below that for which the room cooling thermostat is set,at 72 degrees, for example, in the case assumed.

With the assumed adjustment of the several thermostats, and further assuming that both external and room temperatures are below 70 degrees, if the switch 61 is closed the external heating thermostat 73 will act to close its circuit, and unless steam is already being maintained at the required pressure and temperature (so that the motor circuit 69 is then open at the thermostat 71) the burner motor will be started into operation and maintained in operation until the 'required pressure of steam has been reached, and will thereafter be intermittently operated from time to time to maintain the required temperature of the heater so long as the external thermostat-73 remains closed due to the low temperature of the external air.

At the same time, with the closure of the switch .61, the room thermostat 93 closes,

throwing the damper 39 to divertthe external air through the heater and starting the blower motor into operation so that the heated air passing therethrough is discharged into the room. This will gradually raise the temperature of the room until it reaches 7 0 degrees, whereupon the room heating thermostat will open its circuit, throwing the damper 39 to cut off the external air from the heater and stopping the blower motor 47 and the forcible delivery of air to the building. Such air as may then pass through the cooler 37 will be at substantially the temperature of the external air without mamas If the external temperature rises above 70 degrees, its influence will soon be felt within the building, the room heating thermostat will open, and the air supplied to the rooms will pass through the air cooler but without being artificially cooled until the I external air reaches a temperature of 72 degrees; With the rise of the external air temperature, when the temperature of 71 degrees is reached, the external heating thermostat 73 will act to open the burner motor circuit and prevent further operation thereof.

When an external temperature of 72 degrees is reached, the external cooling thermostat 83 will act to close the refrigerating motor circuit thereat and assure a condition of the refrigerant suitable for air cooling use. The rise of the external temperature will gradually be felt within the building, and when a room temperature-of 73 degrees is attained, the room coolin thermostat 85 will open its circuit and the lower motor stop. The refrigerant, however, will continue to be maintained at its required low temperature so long as the external temperature isabove 7 3 degrees so that, as the room temperature rises and. the blower motor is cut into circuit from time to time by the thermostat 85, the cooler 37 is kept in condition to artificially chill the air forced into the rooms, and this condition will continue until the-external air temperature drops below 72 degrees, when the refri erating unit will be cut out of operation.

f at any time, when the external temperature is below 72 degrees, or whatever point at which the external cooling thermostat is set, the room temperature for any reason rises to or above 73 degrees, or whatever point at which the room cooling thermostat is set, the blower motor will be set into operation by the thermostat 85 to force the relatively cooler external air into the rooms. This will ordinarily be supplied, however, without being artificially chilled, since under these conditions the operation of the refrigerating unit will be suspended. 1

Similarly, if at any time, when the external temperature is above 71 degrees, or whatever point at which the external heating thermostat is set, the room temperature for any reason falls below 70 degrees, or whatever point at which the room thermostat is set, the blower motor will be set into operation by the thermostat 93 to force the relatively warmer external air into the rooms, and this ordinarily will be supplied without being artificially heated since under these conditions the operation of the burner is suspended.

It is obvious that the room thermostats may be set to act at any desired temperature and to maintain any desired spread or range between the maximumand the minimum room temperature and the externalthermostats may be adjusted to correspond approximately to the same range or spread so that the burner and refrigerating motors will be operated from time to time to condition the heating mediums for use when required by the functioning of the room thermostats.

The external thermostats determine whether artificial heat, artificial cold or neither heat nor cold is to be available for conditioning the entering air supply. Such thermostats may be set to respond to any desired temperatures independently of the room thermostats, and both sets may be adjusted from time to-time as may be desired. The blower motor is operated by either room thermostat and is out of operation only for the temperature range'between the points at which the two thermostats are set.

This provides a highly flexible system of regulation and permits the advantages of ventilation to be availed of, while the temperature of the entering air may be regulated as desired. For example, the room thermostat 85 may be adjusted to close at 7 0 degrees or over and the thermostat 93 at degrees or under. The blower motor'will then be operated'to provide a substantially uninterrupted supply of fresh external air. Said entering air, however, will be chilled onl when the temperature is reached to which the external thermostat 83 is adjusted, which might be degrees, degrees, or any other selected point. And such entering air will be heatedonly when the temperature is reached to which the external thermostat 73 is adjusted, which may be 65 degrees, 60 degrees, or any other selected point.

While artificially heated or artificially chilled air may be available at any desired time, to raise or lower the room temperature as may be required, it will be observed that the operating units for heating and cooling theair are set into operation in response to temperature changes at the sourceof air supply and-are idle at such times as they are not required, so that the system is operated under conditions of the greatest economy in respect to power and fuel. Any refrigerating unit and any combustion device capable of being intermlttently operated and automatlcally controlled may be employed.

The described temperature control system may also be employed where the.a1r to be heated or cooled is drawn directly from some source of supply other than the external a1r,

as, for example, from within the building itself, or it may be employed in connection with a damper or dampers which at times may open the system to theexternal air and at other times out the same off from the exter- 'nal air, and such damper or dampers may be arranged to be operated automatically through the room thermostats so that the external air is admitted only when the room temperature is above the assigned miximum or below the assigned minimum and when one or the other of the room thermostats is affected to close the circuit. In the system as described, however, with the heater and cooler supplied with external air, the temperature of the rooms is not only regulated within the prescribed range, but'an adequate ventilation of the room spaces within the building is assured since the circulation of fresh outside air, either heated, chilled or otherwise, is maintained within the rooms under the action of the blower on any departure of the room temperature from the spread or range maintained between the two room thermostats. This circulation may be provided by allowing the air to escape from the rooms through the openings and crevices which normally exist in any building, but, to facilitate the circulation, the air may be admitted to the room spaces (see Fig. 1) through the air supply openings 51 located near the top of the room space and one or more exit openings 107 connected to suitable air discharge conduits may be provided in the walls of the rooms near the bottom thereof, so that fresh external air is supplied to the u per part of the room and the foul-air with rawn from the bottom. i N

While I have herein shownand described i for the purposes of illustration one s ecific embodiment of the invention, it is to e understood that extensive deviations may be made therefrom, all without departing from the spirit thereof.

Claims. i

1. In an atmosphere-regulating system, the combination with a conduit for conveying external air to a space, thetemperature of which is to be regulated, of an indirect a1r cooler normally in the path of the air supply and supplied with a cooling me 1um, an indirect heater supplied with a heat ng medlum, a motor driven, air-forcing device for forcing air through the conduit, temperature responsive means to direct the air through the heater when the temperature 1n sald space falls below a predetermined point and to actuate said air-forcing device motor when the said temperature falls below said predetermined point or exceeds a predetermined pomt, a refrigerating apparatus adapted to be started and stopped for conditioning the cool ng medium, a combustion device adapted to be started and stopped for conditioning the heat ing medium, means responsive to the temperature of the external air for starting said refrigerating apparatus only when the temperature of the external air is above a predetermined oint and for starting said combustion devlce only when said temperature is below a predetermined point, means responsive to the condition of the cooling medium to permit the operation of the refrigerating apparatus only when the temperature of said cooling medium is above a predetermined point, and means responsive to the condition of the heating medium to permit the operation of said combustion device only when said temperature is below a predetermined point. i

2. In an atmosphere-regulating system for buildings, the combination with means to convey external air to a space within a building, of power driven means to force said air into said space, a boiler, a liquid-fuel burner, a burner motor with its motor circuit, an indirect air heater supplied with steam from the boiler, a motor-circuit, controlling device to permit the operation of said motor only when the temperature of the heating medium falls below a predetermined point, a refrigerating apparatus, a refrigerating motor with its motor circuit, an indirect air cooler supplied with a refrigerant from said refrigerating apparatus, a motor-circuit, control device pro-- v'ding for the operation of said refrigerating motor only when the temperature of said refrigerating medium rises above a predetermined point, temperature-responsive means within the space, the temperature of which is to be regulated, to direct the air in said conveying means through said heater or throughsaid cooler according to the temperature of said space and to control the operation of said air-forcing means, and temperature-responsive means responsiveto the temperature of the external air to further control the circuit for the burner motor and the circuit for the refrigeratin motor to provide for the operation of the fiurner motor only when the external air temperature drops below a predetermined point and to'provide for he operation of the refrigerating motor only when the external air temperature rises above a predetermined point; v

3. In an atmosphere-regulating system for buildings, the combination with a boiler, of a burner with means to start and stop the same,

an indirect air heater supplied with steam from the boiler, means to prevent the operation of the burner when a predetermined temperature is reached in the heater but to permit its operation at lower temperatures, a refrigeratmg device with means for intermittently operating the same, an: indirect air;

cooler supplied with a refrigerant from said refrigerating device, means to prevent the operation of said refrigerating device when a predetermined temperature is reachedin said 'at a higher mamas temperature, means to convey external air to said heater and to said cooler, power driven means for forcing external air through said heater or through said cooler to the space the temperature of which is to be regulated, and temperature-regulating means within said space to direct the passage of the air through said heater or through said cooler according to the temperature of said space.

4. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with an indirect air heater, of acombustion device adapted to be started and stopped for conditionmg the heating medium for said heater, means to temperature of the heating medium reaches a predetermined point, an indirect air cooler, a refrigerating device adapted to be started and stopped for conditioning a refrigerant for said air cooler, means to prevent the operation of the device when the temperature of said refrigerant reaches a predetermined point, a motor-driven air forcing device toconvey air through said heater or through said cooler to the space, the temperature of which is to be regulated, temperature responsive means in said space adapted to start and stop said air forcing device and to direct prevent the operation of the device when the the passage of air through the heater or through the cooler according to the temperature of said space, temperature responsive means for starting and-stopping said combustion device adapted to start the latter and condition said heating medium in advance of v the time when heated air is required for said space, and temperature responsive means for starting and stopping said refrigerating de vice adapted torstart the same in advance of the time when chilled air is required for said space.

5. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with an indirect, airj heater, of an air cooler, combustion apparatus adapted to be started and stopped for conditioning the heating medium for said heater, refrigerating apparatus adapted to'be started and stopped for conditioning the refrigerant for said cooler, means to convey air through said heater or through said cooler to the space in the building, the temperature of which is to be regulated, temperature,

responsive means for said space to control the passage of air to direct the same through the heater when the temperature is less than the predetermined point and to direct the air through the cooler when said temperature is more than the predetermined point, temperature responsive means for'starting and stopping said combustion apparatus adapted to start the latter and condition said heating medium in advance of the time when heated air is required for said space, and temperature responsive means for starting and stopping said refrigerating device adapted I to start the same in advance of the time when chilled air is required for said space.

' 6. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with an air heater supplied with a heating medium, of a combustion device for conditioning said heating "medium, an air cooler supplied with a. refrig erating medium, refrigerating apparatus for conditioning said refrigerating medium, temperature responsive means to direct air through said air heater or said air cooler dependent on the temperature within said building space, temperature responsive means for starting and stopping said combustion device adapted to start the latter to condition said heating medium in advance of a predetermined point and through the air cooler when the temperature of said space is above a predetermined point,.and means responsive to air temperature for conditioning the heating medium to heat the air when the temperature of the air to which said means is responsive is below a predetermined point greater than that which determines the conveyance of the air through said heater to said space and for conditioning the refrigerating medium to chill the air when the temperature of the air to which said means is reslponsive is above a predetermined point less t an that which determines the conveyance of the air through said air cooler to said s ace.

8. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with'a refrigerat: ing apparatus adapted to be started and stopped-by thermostatic control, of an indirect air cooler supplied with a cooling medium conditioned by said apparatus, means to apply the cooling medium to cool the air in the building space, the temperature of which is to be regulated, said means inclu'ding a motor-driven power actuated device for moving the air through the indirect air cooler to said space, said device being adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control, and thermostatic control means for C 3 said refrigerating apparatus and said poweractuated device adapted to start the apparatus and condition the cooling medium in advance of the actuation of said power actuated device.

9. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with an indirect air heater supplied with a heating medium,.

of a'combustion device adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control for conditionin said heating medium, a power actuated device for moving air through said heater into said space, a thermostatically con-. trolled valve for applying said heating medium to the efie'ctive heating of the air, ther- 'mostatically controlled means for starting and stopping said air moving device and for controlling said valve, and thermostatically controlled means for starting and stopping said combustion device to start the latter in advance of the actuation of said air moving device. I

' 10. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with means for conveying air to a space within a building, of means for supplying a refrigerating medium to cool the air, a refrigerating apparatus to condition'said refrigerating medium, an airforcmg device for forcing chllled air into said space, means responsive to temperature changes for starting and stopping said air forcing device, and means responsive to temperature changes for starting and stopping said refrigerating apparatus adapted to start the latter and condition the refrigerat ing medium in advance of the actuation of said air forcing device.

11. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with ,means for conveying air to a space, the temperature of which is to be regulated, of means for conditioning a heating medium, means for conditioning a cooling medium, air forcing means, thermostatic control means in said space for starting and stopping said air forcing means and for directing either heated of 1 chilled air thereto depending on the temperature of said space, and temperature responsive means to condition said heating medium or said cooling medium in advance of the 11 starting of said air forcing means.

12. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with an air heater supplied with a heating medium, of an air cooler supplied with a refrigerating medium, said heater and cooler being arranged to heat or cool the air for the space the temperature of which is to be regulated, means responsive to the temperature in said space to direct either heated or cooled air thereto,

and temperature responsive means responsive 120 to the temperature of the air outside said building for conditioning the heating medium to heat the air only when the external temperature is less than a predetermined point, and to condition the refrigerating me- 125 dium to chill the air only when the temperature exceeds a predetermined point.

13. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination witha furnace,

of a fuel-supplied burner therein adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control, an indirect air heater, means for conveying a heating medium from the furnace to said air heater, means to apply the heating medium to heat the air in'a building space, said means including a power driven device for moving the air through the indirect heater to said space and including also a thermostatically operated valve, thermostatically controlled means to start said power driven device when the temperature in said space drops below a predetermined point and to stop the'same when the temperature therein rises above a predetermined point, and thermostatically actuated devices for starting and stopping combustion at the burner, including a device acting in response to the temperature of the heating medium and a device acting in response to the temperature of the air outside said building, said two devices being related to the burner and to each other to start said burner when the temperature of the heating medium falls below a predetermined point and the temperature of the outside air also falls below a predetermined point.

14. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with a furnace, of a fuel-supplied burner therein adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control, an indirect air heater supplied with a heating medium from said furnace, means to apply the heating medium to heat the space 1n said building, said means including a power dr ven device for moving the air through the 1ndirect heater to said space, means to start and stop said power driven device, a room thermostat to actuate saidmeans, and thermostatically actuated devices for startmg and stopping combustion at the burner, 1ncluding a device acting in response to the ternperature of the heating medium and a device acting in response to an air temperature hlgher than that for which the room thermostat is adjusted, said two devices be ng related to the burner and to each other to start said burner when the temperature of the heating medium falls below a predetermined point and the temperature of the air to which said second device is responsive also falls below a predetermined point.

15. In a temperature regulating system for buildings having an air-supplied space to be heated, the combination with a furnace, of a fuel-supplied burner therein adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control, means for supplying a heating medium from said furnace to heat the air supplied to said space, a power driven device for moving heated air into said space, a room thermostat with means controlled thereby to start said device when the temperature in said space drops below a predetermined point and to stop the same when the temperature rises above a predetermined point, thermostatically controlledstart the burner, whereby the said heating medium is fully conditioned for heating said space in; advance of its required use, while combustlon of the fuel at said burner is conserved when not required for the heating 0 said space. v

16. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with a furnace adapted to supply a heating medium, of a fuel-supplied burner therein adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control,

a thermostat in a space of a building, the

temperature, of which is to be regulated, means controlled by said thermostat for applying the heating medium from said furnace to the heating of said space, and thermostatically actuated devices for starting and stopping combustion at the burner, including a device acting in response to the temperature of the heating medium and a device acting in response to an air temperature higher than that to which said thermostat is adjusted, said two devices being related to the burner and to each other to start said burner when the temperature of the heating' medium falls below a predetermined point and the temperature of the air to which said second device is responsive also falls below a predetermined point.

17. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with a fluid heating furnace adapted to apply a heating medium to the heating of a space in a building, of a liquid fuel burner therefor adapted to be started and stopped by thermostatic control, a room thermostat in a space of said building,

the temperature of which is to be regulated,

means controlled by the thermostat operable independently of the thermostatically con- ,trolled starting or stopping of the burner for applying the heating medium to or cutting the same off from the effective heating of said space, thermostatically controlled means to stop the burner and the combustion thereat when the heating medium is conditioned at a predetermined temperature, and thermostatically controlled means, responsive to an air temperature higher than that for which the room thermostat is adjusted, to start the burner, whereby said heating medium is fully conditioned for heating said space in advance of its required use, while combustion of the fuel at said burner is conserved when not required for the heating of said space.

- 18. In a temperature regulating system for buildings, the combination with a heater adapted to apply a heating medium to the heating of a space in a building of a liquid fuel burner therefor, a burner motor for supplying fuel the burner, a room thermostat,

means controlled by the thermostat'for applying the heating medium to or cuttin the 5 name to this specification. Y ARTHUR same. of! from the effective heating 0 the space, a supply circuit for the burner motor, a device res onsive to the condition of the heating med ium for opening said circuit when the heating medium is conditioned for heating said space, and a second device resfionsive to an air temperature higher than t; atto which the room temperature is adjusted for opening said motor circuit when said air temperature is exceeded.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my H. BALLARD. 

